Kemalpaşazâde’nin Mâhiyet Teorisi

Kemalpashazâda’s Theory of Quiddity

The theory of quiddity, shaped within the framework of Aristotle’s (384–322 BCE) logic and theory of definition, was further developed by Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā, d. 428/1037), focusing on the relationship between the essential realities of objects and existence. In the post-classical (muta’akhkhirūn) period, the theory of quiddity was addressed in the contexts of logic, theology (kalām), and mysticism (taṣawwuf). However, discussions generally concentrated on the concept of existence, neglecting the independent examination of quiddity. The blending of philosophical, theological, and mystical traditions in their approaches to quiddity obscured the clarity of knowledge about its nature and hindered its systematic treatment. Kemalpashazâda (d. 940/1534), however, aimed to clarify the perspectives of various schools and deeply investigate the problem of quiddity within Ottoman thought. This study focuses on the issue of quiddity through Kemalpashazâda, explaining the rational foundations and principles of earlier attempts with their justifications. Within this framework, the approaches of previous thinkers on quiddity were evaluated, and the potential problems arising from the synthesis of Islamic intellectual traditions were critically examined. The perspectives of philosophers within the framework of Peripatetic thought, as well as the concepts and issues related to quiddity in theological traditions, were analyzed. Kemalpashazâda’s treatises were comprehensively examined to present the theory of quiddity, systematically addressing related concepts, issues, and his original views. Kemalpashazâda is observed to have conducted profound analyses on the theory of quiddity, striving to establish a synthesis between philosophy, theology, and mysticism. Following Avicennian principles, he clarified the relationship between existence and quiddity, constructing an original theory in this field. By introducing new concepts, he significantly contributed to Ottoman intellectual thought. Ultimately, he provided a firmer metaphysical foundation for quiddity and laid the groundwork for systematically addressing the problems related to quiddity in Islamic thought.

Keywords: Logic; Islamic Philosophy; Quiddity; Existence; Metaphysics; Kemalpaşazâde; Ottoman Thought