The Role of Hadiths in the Formation of Political Thought
After the Prophet Muhammad's death, there were debates about who would succeed him in the first caliph election, but the relationship between the caliphate and the texts of the Quran did not come to the fore. In later periods, issues related to the caliphate/caliphate, which were not on the agenda during the first caliph election, gained new dimensions and increased daily, a situation reflected in hadith books. These narrations clearly address the form of the caliphate, the qualifications of the caliphs, and many other similar matters. Furthermore, the sultanate system that began with Muawiyah was also legitimized through narrations within the framework of the caliphate-sultanate relationship. In this context, one of the aims of this study is to answer questions such as, "Were the caliphate and the subsequent sultanate shaped by the social and political conditions of the time or by the Prophet's inculcations regarding the future?"
Today, we see various discussions taking place based on narrations regarding the caliphate. The sound outcomes of these discussions, and the development of the political understanding of humanity, especially those who follow Islam and follow the Prophet Muhammad's example, in accordance with the fundamental principles of their religion, depend on the re-reading and critique of these narrations.
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