This study aims to examine the ontological and epistemological transformation
of the understanding of education in classical, modern, and
postmodern thought traditions from a philosophical perspective. The
fundamental problem of the study is how historical changes in the understanding
of existence, truth, humanity, knowledge, and values have
transformed educational thought, and how these transformations are
reflected in the purpose, method, and conception of humanity in education.
Education is considered not only as pedagogical practices and
teaching techniques, but also as the historical manifestation of human
relationship with existence, truth, and values. The study adopts a qualitative
research method; document analysis, philosophical-historical
analysis, conceptual analysis, and comparative study are used together.
Classical, modern, and postmodern educational processes are not
independent of knowledge, being, and value. Aware of this unity, this
study has sought to reveal the metaphysical foundation of educational
theories. In its effort to uncover the structure of education based on
being, knowledge, and value, this study has sought to trace its course
while taking into account the relationship between humanity and
truth. Classical education, which aims at human competence, has acquired
a subject-centered structure in the modern era. In the postmodern
era, however, the pluralization of truth has eroded the foundational
meaning of humanity, life, and value. This erosion has made the future
of education a subject of debate. This study, which addresses the
transformation in education within the context of being, knowledge,
and value, seeks to examine the transformations occurring in the classical-
modern and postmodern eras.
Keywords: Philosophy of Education; Classical-Modern-Postmodern
Thought; Paideia; Truth; Human