Authority in the Protestant Tradition
-The Case of the Quakers-
This book examines the concept of authority within the Protestant tradition through the distinctive case of the Quakers (Religious Society of Friends), a movement that emerged in seventeenth-century England and developed one of the most radical approaches to religious authority in early modern Christianity. Drawing on the conceptual distinction between authority and power, the study approaches authority not merely as coercion or institutional domination, but as a multidimensional phenomenon grounded in legitimacy, consent, recognition, and internalization.
At the center of the analysis is the Quaker doctrine of the Inner Light, through which conventional forms of ecclesiastical authority—particularly clerical hierarchy, institutional mediation, and exclusive interpretive authority—were fundamentally reconsidered. By emphasizing the possibility of a direct relationship between the individual and God, Quakerism relocated religious authority toward personal experience and continuing divine guidance without simply eliminating collective forms of discipline and decision-making. Authority thus emerged as a relational structure negotiated between individual conscience and communal discernment.
The book further explores the implications of this understanding for family life, gender relations, political authority, civil disobedience, pacifism, and social engagement. It demonstrates how Quaker commitments to spiritual equality contributed to distinctive approaches to women’s religious participation, family relations, peace testimony, and ethical public action.
Ultimately, the Quaker case suggests that authority need not be inherently hierarchical or coercive. It may also be constituted through conscience, moral responsibility, participation, and shared recognition, offering a distinctive perspective on the continuing relationship between religion, authority, and individual freedom.
Keywords: Authority; Religious Authority; Protestantism; Quakerism; Inner Light; Conscience; Legitimacy; Religion and Society